Loss of lung volume caused by inadequate expansion of airspaces
shunting of inadequately oxygenated blood from pulmonary arteries into veins, thus giving rise to a ventilation-perfusion imbalance and hypoxia
superimposed infection is a significant problem
Types:
Resorption Atelectasis:
Obstruction of bronchus by mucopurulent plug, usually postoperatively but may also complicate bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis
aspiration of foreign bodies, particularly in children
Compression Atelectasis:
Accumulations of fluid, blood, or air within the pleural cavity
bedridden patients, in patients with ascites, and in patients during and after surgery; due to compression by diaphragm
Contraction Atelectasis:
Cicatrization due to any chronic infection or inflammation.
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