Malabsorption
Defective intraluminal digestion
Primary mucosal cell abnormalities
Reduced small intestinal surface area
Lymphatic obstruction
Infectious: impaired mucosal cell absorption, eg Giardia
Decreased intestinal transit time
Surgical reduction of gut length
Neural dysfunction, including irritable bowel syndrome
Hyperthyroidism
Diabetic neuropathy
Carcinoid syndrome
Decreased motility (increased intestinal transit time)
Small intestinal diverticula
Surgical creation of a "blind" intestinal loop
Bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine
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