PLACENTA
- Development
- Gross anatomy
- Structures
- Functions
- Abnormalities
DEVELOPMENT
1.Chorionic frondosum- fetal part the major component
2.Decidua basalis- maternal part the minor component
Begins at 6th weeks of gestation
Ends at 12th weeks of gestation
Anatomy
- Normally situated at or near fundus of uterus
- Shape- discoid
- Size- 15*20 cms, 2.5cm in thickness in centre
- 500gms in weight
- Two surfaces
1.Fetal- smooth, amniotic membrane, cord insertion and branching vessels.
2.Maternal- irregular,15-20 cotyledons,
Fetal surface
Maternal surface
Functions
- Nutrition
- Respiration
- Excretion
- Barrier
- Hormonal- CRH, GnRH, TRH, GHRH, ACTH, hCG, hPL, hCT
- Immunological- placental hormones, proteins(SP1), early pregnancy factor(EPF), steroids and hCG
Abnormal placenta
One or more smaller lobes of placenta placed at varying distances from placental margin.
Smaller chorionic plate than basal plate.
Cord Abnormalities
The cord is attached to the membranes.
The cord is attached to the margin of the placenta.
FETAL MEMBRANES
- CONSISTS OF 2 LAYERS
CHORION
AMNION
FUNCTIONS OF MEMBRANES
1.PRODUCES AMNIOTIC FLUID
2.PREVENTS FETUS FROM INFECTIONS
3.HELPS IN CERVICAL DILATION IN LABOR
4.PRODUCES PGE2, PGF2alpha
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