Internal genital organs
Ovaries
The primary reproductive organs of a female,
like testes in male.
In childhood,the ovaries are small and the surfaces are smooth
After puberty the ovary becomes progressively scarred due to ovulation
In old women,the surfaces of the ovaries are more scarred and pitted,showing that many oocytes have been released,and the ovaries become atrophy gradually as menstruation has ceased.
This is the first photo of the progress of ovulating in human which is taken by a doctor of Brussels.
The time of the process is 15min
it’s composed of 2 layers of peritoneum
between the lateral margin of the uterus and lateral wall of pelvis.
Between the 2 layers of peritoneum, there are uterine tube, ovary,proper ligament. of ovary, round ligament. of uterus, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nervous plexus and connective tissue.
Uterus
a single, hollow, thick walled and pear-shaped muscular organ
retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum, to develop well until its birth
The uterus varies in shape,size, location,according to the age or
other circumstance,for example ,pregnancy and so on.
extends between the urinary bladder and the rectum in the pelvic cavity
Anteversion:
an angle( 90°) between the long axis of the uterus & vagina
Anteflexion:
an obtuse angle(170°) between the long axis of body & cervix of uterus
Mammary glands in female
Features
Nipple is located on the fourth intercostal space
Arounded by areola
In female,the mammary glands begin to develop and grow rapidly at puberty
During pregnancy and lactation they are developing and secreting the milk to nourish the newborn baby.
Structure
15~20 gland lobes radiating around and open at the nipple.
The lobes are padded and separated from each other by fibrous connective tissue
The interlobar connective tissue forms suspensory ligaments(the cooper’s ligaments),provide natural support for the breasts
Each lobe has many glandular lobule
Each gland lobes has an excretory duct,
termed the lactiferous duct ,each duct has a dilated region named lactiferous sinus, milk accumulates in these sinuses during nursing.
The incision of the operation on mamma should be taken radically to avoid cutting across a number of the lactiferous ducts
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