Important presentation about Thalassemia (Microcytic Anemia)

Definition: hereditary underproduction of either the alpha or beta globin chains of the hemoglobin A  resulting in a  microcytic anemia. Bet...

Coagulation disorders.

Deficiencies of Clotting factors Onset - delayed after trauma Deep bleeding Into joints - Hemarthroses Into deep tissues – Hematoma large sk...

Major Disorders Associated with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation.

Obstetric Complications Abruptio placentae Retained dead fetus Septic abortion Amniotic fluid embolism Toxemia Infections Gram-negative seps...

Thrombocytopenia.

Decreased platelet count. Is characterized by spontaneous bleeding which is evident at platelet count below 20,000/μL , 20,000 to 50,000 may...

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpuras.

Autoimmune in origin. may occur in isolation or in association with an underlying condition such as lymphoma or collagen vascular disease ...

Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia.

Heparin – binds to AT III – inactivation of factors IIa, IXa, Xa, XIa, XIIa. – used as anticoagulant. Large molecular weight substance. On ...

Polycythemia.

Relative: Reduced plasma volume (hemoconcentration) Primary: Abnormal proliferation of myeloid stem cells, normal or low erythropoietin leve...

Aplastic Anemia.

Aplastic anemia is a disorder characterized by the suppression of multipotent myeloid stem cells, with resultant anemia, thrombocytopenia, a...

Immunohemolytic Anemias.

caused by antibodies that react against normal or altered RBC membranes. Immunohemolytic anemias are classified on the basis of the nature o...

Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia.

MHA is the form of intravascular hemolysis These disorders is characterized by the presence of vascular lesions that predispose the circula...

Glucose 6 Phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

G6PD – is a rate limiting enzyme in HMP shunt pathway . This pathway is responsible for production of NADPH which is required in number of ...

Hereditary Spherocytosis.

Autosomal dominant / Autosomal recessive (25% more severe) pattern of inheritance Spherodial RBCs – which makes RBC less deformable and more...

Autosplenectomy.

Microvasuclar Ischemia. Autosplenectomy - Intially there is moderate splenomegaly caused by congestion of the red pulp with masses of RBCs ...

Sickle cell Anemia.

Sickle cell Anemia is hemoglobinopathie , where substitution of valine for glutamic acid at the sixth position of the β-chain produces HbS. ...

Hemolytic anemias

Anemia that are associated with decreased RBC life span. Hemolytic anemias are characterized by an increased rate of RBC destruction, a comp...

Thalassemia.

Thalassemia syndromes are a heterogenous group of inherited disorders caused by genetic lesions leading to decreased synthesis of either alp...

Disorders Associated with Splenomegaly.

I. Infections Nonspecific splenitis of various blood-borne infections (particularly infective endocarditis) Infectious mononucleosis Tubercu...

Pernicious Anemia.

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency Anemia: can also cause a demyelinating disorder involving the peripheral nerves and, ultimately and most ...

Megaloblastic Anemia (a)

Folic Acid Deficiency Decreased intake Inadequate diet—alcoholism, infancy Impaired absorption Malabsorption states Intrinsic intestinal dis...

Megaloblastic Anemia (b)

B12 or Folic acid deficiency The morphologic hallmark of megaloblastic anemias is an enlargement of erythroid precursors (megaloblasts), whi...