Like normal C cells, medullary carcinomas secrete calcitonin, the measurement of which plays an important role
Neuroendocrine cells may secrete VIP, causing diarrhoea
Cases associated with MEN-2A or MEN-2B, in contrast, occur in younger patients and may even arise in children- all MEN-2 positive people carrying RET mutations are offered prophylactic thyroidectomies
Multicentricity is particularly common in familial cases
polygonal to spindle-shaped cells, which may form nests, trabeculae, and even follicles
Acellular amyloid deposits, derived from altered calcitonin- which can be demonstrated by immunohistochemical methods
multicentric C-cell hyperplasia in the surrounding thyroid parenchyma is a characterstic finding in familial .
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