Parathyroid Glands

Four in number : 2 superior & 2 inferior 6mm in length 30-50mg each Location:     a. Superior parathyroid- near the junction of inferi...

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes (MEN)

 MEN syndromes a. Autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance b. Characterized by hyperplasia and tumors of endocrine glands 2...

Liver trauma

Portal triad Blood supply Liver trauma is divided into: Blunt and Penetrating injuries Blunt injury produces contusion, laceration and avuls...

Amoebic Liver Abscess

It is common in tropical countries. It is caused by Entamoeba histolytica. It exist in vegetative form outside the body and is spread by the...

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term used to denote two diseases of unknown etiology with similar general characteristics: ulcerative ...

Pilonidal sinus

It is of infective origin and occurs  in sacral region between the buttocks, umbilicus, axilla. It is also common in hair dressers (seen in ...

Gallstones

Types of gallstones: Cholesterol stones Pigment (brown/black) stones and Mixed stones Pathogenesis Cholesterol stone: Cholesterol is synthes...

Fistula In Ano

It is a track lined by granulation tissue which connects perianal skin superficially to anal canal or rectum deeply. It usually occurs in a ...